Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
type: channel
description: Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology is a peer-reviewed open access journal on rheumatic diseases and connective tissue disorders. This is an official journal of Indonesian Rheumatology Association (IRA) and published twice a year since 2009. Our mission is to encourage the development of scientific and medical practice in rheumatic diseases and connective tissue disorders. This journal is self-focused on rheumatic disease and connective tissue disorders in the form of original article (extended and/or concise reports), review articles, editorial letters, leaders, lesson from memorable cases, book reviews, and matter arising. Both in clinical and laboratory including animal studies.
publisher: Indonesian Rheumatology Associantion
language: en
publication name: Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
items: The The Correlation Between Serum Vitamin D Level and Quality of Life inSystemic Sclerosis Patients
items: Relationship Between Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and Organ Damage Based on SLICCDamage Index -SDI Score in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients
items: Plasmapheresis as a Promising Therapeutic Option to TreatMacrophage Activation Syndrome
items: Correlation Between sCD28 and sCD80 Levels with Disease Actiity of SystemicLupus Erythematosus (SLE) Patients Based on SLEDAI Score
items: Is It Obesity or Metabolic Syndrome Which Has a Greater Prevalence ToCause Muscoloskeletal Complaints? A Cross Sectional Study in theCepokomulyo District, Malang Regency
items: Factors Contributed to a Difficult-To-Treat Juvenile IdiopathicArthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis
items: Massive Pericardial Effusion – An Uncommon Initial Presentation in aMale Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
items: Relationship between Knowledge Level and Preventive Behavior of SepticArthritis in Student Batch 2019-2020, Faculty of Medicine, University of NorthSumatra
items: Correlation between sCTLA-4 and sCD86 Levels with Disease Activity of SystemicLupus Erythematosus (SLE) Patients Based on SLEDAI Score
items: The The Role of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein(COMP) Serum in Knee Osteoarthritis
items: Initial Clinical Presentation of Systematic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Patientsin Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital
items: Perfect Timing for Canakinumab Use in Gout
items: Acute Lupus Pneumonitis with Cytomegalovirus Co-infection in Patients withLupus Nephritis
items: Characteristics and Treatment Responses of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients at Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital
items: Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Regulatory T Cells of Systemic LupusErythematosus: A Systematic Review
items: Sjögren's Syndrome: A Rare Clinical Entity in Children
items: Use of Methotrexate for More Than 4 Years Is Not Associated with Liver Fibrosisin Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
items: Indonesian Rheumatology Association (IRA) Recommendations for Diagnosis and Management of Sjogren’s Syndrome
items: Secondary Trimester Pregnancy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients withPneumonia: A Case Report
items: Simultaneous Cervical and Lumbar Spinal Degenerative Stenosis: Diagnostic andTreatment Challenge
items: Efficacy and Safety of Stem Cell Transplantation in Rheumatoid Arthritis: ASystematic Review of Trials
items: A Patient with Granulomatosus with Polyangiitis (Wegener’s Granulomatosis): ACase Report
items: Tuberculosis Arthritis: A Diagnostic Challenges
items: The Role of Antioxidants as Adjuvants of Fibromyalgia Management
items: Indonesian Rheumatology Association (IRA) Recommendations for Diagnosis and Management of Osteoarthritis (Knee, Hand, Hip)
items: Indonesian Rheumatology Association (IRA) Recommendations for Diagnosis andManagement of Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis
items: Quantitative Evaluation of Proteinuria with Urinalysis Test and Comparing ItsCorrelation with Random Spot Urine PCR and 24-Hour Urine Protein in SLEPatients
items: The The Prevalence and Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in RheumatoidArthritis Patients
items: B-Cell Activating Factor Profile and Quality of Life in Systemic LupusErythematosus Patients
items: The Effect of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Omega-3 Supplementation on theComponents of Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity: A Systematic LiteratureReview

The The Correlation Between Serum Vitamin D Level and Quality of Life inSystemic Sclerosis Patients
type: item
description: Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune rheumatic disease that is associated with disability and a reduced quality of life. Patients with SSc have lower levels of vitamin D than healthy people. Vitamin D influences the pathological mechanisms of SSc such as autoimmunity, vasculopathy, and fibrosis. The aim of this study was to know the correlation between serum vitamin D levels and the quality of life in SSc patients. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. Data were taken from the SSc patient registry at the Rheumatology Clinic of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung from September to November 2023. Vitamin D level were assessed by measuring serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. The quality of life was measured using the Indonesian version of the Short Form (SF-36), which was divided into physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS). Statistical analysis was performed using the Rank-Spearman test. Results: There were 81 SSc patients enrolled in this study. Vitamin D levels were found low in 44 subjects (54.3%), which were divided into 23 subjects deficiency and 21 subjects insufficiency. Thirty seven subjects (46.7%) had normal vitamin D levels. The results of this study showed that there was a significant weak positive correlation between serum vitamin D levels and PCS SF-36 (r=0.222, p=0.023) and MCS SF-36 (r=0.209, p=0.031) quality of life in SSc patients. Conclusion: Serum vitamin D levels of SSc patients had a significant weak positive correlation with physical and mental quality of life component.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: SF-36 Quality of life
  topic: keywords
subject: Systemic sclerosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Vitamin D levels
  topic: keywords
creator: Sumartini Dewi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
date: 2024-12-12
publication date: 2024-12-12

Relationship Between Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and Organ Damage Based on SLICCDamage Index -SDI Score in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients
type: item
description: Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous and complex chronic autoimmune disease. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a cytokine known to be elevated in people with SLE. This research was conducted to determine the relationship between IL-6 levels and organ damage based on the SLICC Damage Index-SDI Score in SLE patients. Method: The study was a retrospective cross-sectional study involving 67 SLE patients conducted based on the SLICC 2012/ACR EULAR 2019 criteria at least 6 months prior to their inclusion. They were patients treated at the Rheumatology Clinic of Adam Malik General Hospital in Medan from June to August 2023, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Organ damage assessment was done using the SLICC Damage Index (SDI) score, while disease activity degree was measured using the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI-2K) scoring system. Results: 94 % subject were women with a median SLEDAI-2K score of 6 (10 – 16) where the moderate degree of activity was the majority in this study (41.8%), followed by the mild degree (37.3%), severe (16, 4%), and remission (4.5%). The median IL-6 level was 63.3932 pg/ml (8.88 – 5966.67) where a significant correlation was found between IL-6 levels and the SDI score (p=0.017) and the degree of disease activity and the SDI score (P<0.001). Conclusion: A significant positive correlation was found between IL-6 levels and SDI scores in SLE patients (p=0.017).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: IL-6 levels
  topic: keywords
subject: Organ damage
  topic: keywords
subject: SDI-Score
  topic: keywords
subject: SLE
  topic: keywords
creator: Yesanopa Sianturi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
date: 2024-12-12
publication date: 2024-12-12

Plasmapheresis as a Promising Therapeutic Option to TreatMacrophage Activation Syndrome
type: item
description: Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a lethal complication of autoimmune conditions. Its diagnosis and management remains challenging till date in view of paucity of standard protocols. Plasmapheresis has shown promise if used early in the course of disease. We hereby describe a case report of a young male patient who presented with multiorgan failure. He was diagnosed with MAS triggered by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). He was successfully treated with steroids, cyclophosphamide and plasmapheresis.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Plasmapheresis
  topic: keywords
subject: MAS
  topic: keywords
creator: Bansal Varun
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
date: 2024-12-12
publication date: 2024-12-12

Correlation Between sCD28 and sCD80 Levels with Disease Actiity of SystemicLupus Erythematosus (SLE) Patients Based on SLEDAI Score
type: item
description: Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with multisystem involvement that is caused by multifactorial. Prolonged exposure to autoantigens and sustained immune system activation, particularly in memory T lymphocytes, can contribute to premature immunosenescence. Soluble costimulatory molecules such as sCTLA-4 and sCD86, originating from CTLA-4 and CD86 respectively, contribute to the progression of immunosenescence in patients with SLE. This condition is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between elevated levels of sCTLA-4 and sCD86 and the severity of SLE disease activity, as assessed by the SLEDAI score. Methods: The study employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach, involving 35 female participants diagnosed with SLE according to the 2012 SLICC criteria. SLE disease activity was assessed using the SLEDAI score, and serum levels of sCD28 and sCD80 were measured using the ELISA method. The Mann-Whitney test was used for group comparisons, while the Spearman test was conducted for correlation analysis, with statistical significance defined as p < 0.05. Results: SLE patients had an average sCD28 and sCD80 level of 24.93 and 27.41, respectively. Spearman test results showed that sCD28 level had a significant correlation with SLEDAI score [R=0.364; p=0.031 (p<0.05)], while sCD80 level did not correlate significantly with SLEDAI score [R=0.048; p=0.786 (p<0.05)]. Conclusion: The rise in sCD28 levels showed a positively correlation with the SLE severity activity, as indicated by the SLEDAI score.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Systemic lupus erythematosus
  topic: keywords
subject: sCD28
  topic: keywords
subject: sCD80
  topic: keywords
subject: Disease activity
  topic: keywords
subject: SLEDAI
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmad Harissul Ibad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
date: 2024-12-12
publication date: 2024-12-12

Is It Obesity or Metabolic Syndrome Which Has a Greater Prevalence ToCause Muscoloskeletal Complaints? A Cross Sectional Study in theCepokomulyo District, Malang Regency
type: item
description: Introduction: Musculoskeletal (MSK) complaints including pain, swelling, stiffness, or immobility of joints and muscles are among the most common health issues that biomechanical factors are one of the risk factors. Metabolic syndrome is a combination of several risk factors including obesity, hypertension, low HDL-C levels, hypertriglyceridemia, and impaired glucose tolerance. These issues are known to influence the incidence of metabolic inflammation associated with several MSK diseases, in which obesity is one of the main biomechanical factors. Aim: To compare the Prevalence Odd Ratio (POR) of MSK complaints associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity. Conclusion: This study included 260 patients, with 49.6% (n=129) of them having metabolic syndrome. The most common MSK complaint region was the right knee (n=85). MSK complaints were most common in the group of patients with MetS and obesity (n=109), compared to the group with MetS or obesity alone. Prevalence Odd Ratio (POR) results show that Group III (group of patients with obesity and without MetS) has the highest prevalence of MSK complaints when compared to the other three groups.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Metabollic syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Musculoskeletal complaints
  topic: keywords
subject: Obesity
  topic: keywords
creator: Perdana Aditya Rahman
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
date: 2024-12-12
publication date: 2024-12-12

Factors Contributed to a Difficult-To-Treat Juvenile IdiopathicArthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis
type: item
description: Background: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis is the foremost common unremitting rheumatic illness in childhood, with a global prevalence ranging from 16 to 150 per 100.000 population. However, in some cases, clinician may face a difficult-to-treat Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (D-JIA), which indicate to a group of patients who have not affected by administration of standard anti-rheumatic drugs. This study aims to identify factors that correlate to D-JIA. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta analysis, collecting studies from PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. Eligible Studies were trials that analyze factors that may contribute to D-JIA. Results: Six studies were included, enrolling 1.177 patients. Female composes 70.9% (835) of the population (OR 1.04, CI 95% 0.83-1.31, p=0.72). Median of age and duration of disease respectively were 5.79 years and 11.06 months. Some factors correlate with occurancy of DJIA including Caucasian race (OR 0.96, CI 95% 0.44-2.07, p=0.91), ANA negative (OR 1.77, CI 95% 1.42-2.22, p<0.00001), HLA B27 positive (OR 1.86, CI 95% 0.85-4.08, p=0.12), prescence of atypical skin lesion (OR 8.5, CI 95% 1.6-72.4, p=0.022), and spesific subtype of JIA such as Oligoarthritis (OR 0.86, CI 95% 0.70-1.07, p=0.17), Poliarthritis (OR 1.77, CI 95% 1.422.22, p<0.00001), Systemic-type (OR1.22, CI 95% 0.60-2.49, p=0.58), Psoriatic (OR1.61, CI 95% 0.69-3.78, p=0.27), Enteritis-related (OR 1.33, CI 95% 0.68-2.59, p=0.40), and Undiffrentiated (OR 1.46, CI 95% 0.55-3.83, p=0.45). Conclusion: Eventhough many factors identified, but only ANA negativity, presence of atypical skin lesion, and Poliarthritis subtype that have been statistically proved related in the development of D-JIA. This finding may be due to the study's limitations and remaining differences in subsequent results. Future studies are needed for further analysis regarding this issue.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Difficult to treat
  topic: keywords
subject: Relapse
  topic: keywords
subject: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
  topic: keywords
creator: Louis Edwin Wirya
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
date: 2024-12-12
publication date: 2024-12-12

Massive Pericardial Effusion – An Uncommon Initial Presentation in aMale Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
type: item
description: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease which has predilection for female gender. Usually, it manifests as myriad of clinical signs and symptoms which can involve any organ system of the body, however cardiovascular involvement solely as an initial presentation is uncommon. Here we present a case of a male patient who initially presented with a large pericardial effusion. Later, on extensive workup he was diagnosed with SLE with lupus nephritis.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Systemic lupus erythematosus
  topic: keywords
subject: Pericardial effusion
  topic: keywords
subject: Autoimmune disease
  topic: keywords
creator: Vivek Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
date: 2024-12-12
publication date: 2024-12-12

Relationship between Knowledge Level and Preventive Behavior of SepticArthritis in Student Batch 2019-2020, Faculty of Medicine, University of NorthSumatra
type: item
description: Background: Septic arthritis is an infectious disease that severely damages the joints with clinical manifestations such as swelling, erythema and warmth of the affected joint. The most common cause of this disease is the result of hematogenous spread of microorganisms. Some of the risk factors include injection drug use, prosthetic joints and skin infection. The incidence of septic arthritis is 5 to 8 per 100,000 population per year with 5-10% mortality rate, therefore preventive behavior is needed to minimize the incidence of septic arthritis. Methods: This study is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. The research population consisted of students from batch 2019-2020 of the Faculty of Medicine, University of North Sumatra and the sample was determined using stratified random sampling method. Primary data were obtained directly from research subjects using questionnaires via Google Forms. Results: The univariate research analysis found that the knowledge level of the majority of respondents was in the good category, with 45 subjects (53.6%). The most predominant behavior observed in the respondents was negative behavior, with 49 subjects (58.3%). Bivariate analysis found that there was no significant relationship between knowledge level and septic arthritis prevention behavior with p value = 0.809. Conclusion: Students from batch 2019-2020 of the Faculty of Medicine, University of North Sumatra, on average have a good level of knowledge and negative behavior on the prevention of septic arthritis. There is no relationship between the level of knowledge with septic arthritis prevention behavior.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: Prevention
  topic: keywords
subject: Septic arthritis
  topic: keywords
creator: Christine Silalahi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
date: 2024-06-12
publication date: 2024-06-12

Correlation between sCTLA-4 and sCD86 Levels with Disease Activity of SystemicLupus Erythematosus (SLE) Patients Based on SLEDAI Score
type: item
description: Background. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with multisystem involvement which arises from multifactorial causes. Continuous exposure to autoantigens and chronic activation of the immune system, especially memory T lymphocytes, contribute to premature immunosenescence. sCTLA-4 and sCD86 are soluble costimulatory molecules of CTLA-4 and CD86, which play a role in the occurrence of immunosenescence in SLE. The presence of immunosenescence will cause higher morbidity and mortality. This research was conducted to establish the correlation between the increased levels of sCTLA-4 and sCD86 and the severity of SLE, as measured by the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score. Methods. This analytical observational research utilized a crosssectional approach involving 35 female SLE patients diagnosed according to the SLICC 2012 criteria. SLE disease activity was measured using SLEDAI score. Serum sCTLA-4 and sCD86 levels were measured using the ELISA method. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney test for comparisons and the Spearman test for correlation analysis, with a significance level of p<0.05. Results. sCTLA-4 levels were higher and significantly different in patients with moderate SLE (p=<0.001; p<0.05), and there was no significant difference in sCD86 levels (p=0.915; p>0.05). Increased sCTLA-4 levels were positively correlated with the severity of SLE (r =0.361, p=0.033), while no significant correlation was observed in sCD86 levels (r=-0.094, p=0.591). Conclusion. Elevated sCTLA-4 levels were positively correlated with increased severity of SLE based on the SLEDAI score.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Disease activity
  topic: keywords
subject: sCD86
  topic: keywords
subject: sCTLA-4
  topic: keywords
subject: SLEDAI
  topic: keywords
subject: Systemic lupus erythematosus
  topic: keywords
creator: Helsa Eldatarina
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
date: 2024-06-12
publication date: 2024-06-12

The The Role of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein(COMP) Serum in Knee Osteoarthritis
type: item
description: Background. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent disease of the musculoskeletal system that affects over 528 million individuals worldwide, with 73% of those diagnosed being aged 55 or older. The knee joint is most commonly affected, along with the hip and hand joints. Vitamin D is essential for maintaining bone and cartilage metabolism. In chondrocytes, the presence of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) regulates the expression of metalloproteinase. The purpose of this investigation is to examine the correlation between vitamin D (25(OH)D) and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) serum in knee osteoarthritis. Methods. The cross-sectional study was conducted by the Rheumatology Division at RSMH Palembang. Patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis based on the 1990 ACR criteria were included. The chemoluminescent immunoassay and the Human Cartilage Oligometric Matrix Protein ELISA Reagent were used to measure the levels of vitamin D (25(OH)D) and COMP serum. Results. Thirty participants took part in this study from July to December 2022. According to this study, 33% had insufficiency and 67% had a deficiency of vitamin D. Spearman's Rho test shows that there is a strong negative correlation between vitamin D (25(OH)D) and COMP serum. Conclusion. Vitamin D (25(OH)D) and COMP serum levels were significantly correlated in knee osteoathritis.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: COMP vitamin D (25(OH)D)
  topic: keywords
subject: Knee
  topic: keywords
subject: Osteoarthritis
  topic: keywords
creator: Khoriun Mukhsinin Putra
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
date: 2024-06-12
publication date: 2024-06-12

Initial Clinical Presentation of Systematic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Patientsin Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital
type: item
description: Background. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by highly diverse and nonspecific symptoms with clinical presentations involving more than one organ system which often leads to delayed diagnosis and poor prognosis. This study aims to understand patients’ initial clinical presentation in order to enhance early detection and establish an early diagnosis. Methods. This descriptive crosssectional quantitative study included patients who commenced their visits to the Rheumatology Clinic at RSCM from May 2021-December 2022. A consecutive sampling method was used, and data were analyzed for age, gender, symptom onset, as well as patients' initial clinical presentations (SPSS 25.0). Results. Out of 231 subjects, 96.1% were females. A total of 38.1% of the patients belonged to the 21-30 age group, and symptom onset was most commonly observed in the 0-1 year age group, accounting for 67.5%. Approximately 24.2% of the patients exhibited constitutional manifestations with involvement of other organs, including musculoskeletal (87.4%), mucocutaneous (84%), hematologic (3.,5%), renal (33.3%), and neuropsychiatric (8.7%) systems. Lungs, heart, blood vessels, gastrointestinal and hepatic systems, eyes, obstetric, and endocrine involvements were not found in this study. Among the 231 subjects, 44.2% of them had simultaneous involvement of two organs, which emerged as their initial clinical presentation. Conclusion. Musculoskeletal and mucocutaneous involvement were most commonly observed as th e initial clinical presentation of SLE patients at RSCM, followed by hematologic, renal, and neuropsychiatric involvement.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Initial clinical presentation
  topic: keywords
subject: RSCM
  topic: keywords
subject: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
  topic: keywords
creator: Teresa Isabela
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
date: 2024-06-12
publication date: 2024-06-12

Perfect Timing for Canakinumab Use in Gout
type: item
description: Gout is an inflammatory disease caused by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. Recently, the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) has recommended the usage of interleukin (IL)-1 inhibitor in gout patients who are refractory to typical anti-inflammatory drugs. An example of IL-1 inhibitor is canakinumab. Not much is known regarding the usage of canakinumab in gout arthritis. Thus, we decided to conduct a narrative review that summarizes the efficacy and safety of canakinumab in gout patients. In this review, we found that canakinumab is superior to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids in treating acute gout flares. In addition, canakinumab may also be considered as a preventive therapy for gout flares in patients receiving urate-lowering therapy. Overall, canakinumab has mild side effects but may occasionally cause serious infections. Canakinumab is also generally safe for use during pregnancy. Due to the lack of studies, the safety of canakinumab in lactating women, geriatric patients, and patients with hepatic or renal impairment is still unknown.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Canakinumab
  topic: keywords
subject: Interleukin-1β inhibitor
  topic: keywords
subject: Gout
  topic: keywords
creator: Hadi Kurniawan Wijaya
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
date: 2024-06-12
publication date: 2024-06-12

Acute Lupus Pneumonitis with Cytomegalovirus Co-infection in Patients withLupus Nephritis
type: item
description: Introduction: Most patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) show signs of pulmonary involvement. The clinical manifestations of Lupus Pneumonitis are the similar to those of acute interstitial pneumonia. The use of cyclophosphamide in lupus nephritis (LN) is associated with high CMV titers. Ganciclovir is the main choice of therapy for CMV pneumonia infection. Case presentation: A 19-year-old female with previous history of lupus nephritis presented with worsening dyspnea, productive cough with yellowish sputum and hemoptysis. Following physical, laboratory and radiological examinations, the patient was diagnosed with acute lupus pneumonitis, with a differential diagnosis of pneumonia infection. During treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU), she was put on ventilator and received routine hemodialysis due to pulmonary edema. She was given intravenous antibiotics before the culture results came out, but there was no clinical improvement. Once the culture results returned negative, the antibiotics were discontinued and IV pulse methylprednisolone was started. There was significant clinical, radiological, and laboratory improvements. After discharge, the patient experienced hemoptysis again due to CMV pneumonia infection and was given ganciclovir therapy with satisfactory results. Conclusion: In patients with advanced LN and pulmonary involvement, distinguishing between infection and SLE flares may be challenging, which can cause dilemma in diagnosis and treatment decisions. Adequate oxygenation with ventilator, hemodialysis, and administration of ganciclovir and mycophenolic acid provides significant improvements in patient care.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: CMV Pneumonia Ganciclovir
  topic: keywords
subject: CMV Pneumonia
  topic: keywords
subject: SLE
  topic: keywords
creator: Hadi Kurniawan Wijaya
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
date: 2024-06-12
publication date: 2024-06-12

Characteristics and Treatment Responses of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients at Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital
type: item
description: Introduction. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic progressive autoimmune rheumatic disease that primarily affects the joints. The goal of RA treatment is to achieve remission or low disease activity, using a treatto-target approach. This study aims to explore the characteristics of RA patients and evaluate their treatment responses in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital (RSCM). Methods. This crosssectional study is conducted by collecting demographic and clinical data, as well as interviewing adult patients that have been diagnosed with RA at the Rheumatology Clinic of RSCM and have been on disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) treatment for a minimum of 6 months. Results. A total of 94 patients were included in this study. Subjects were predominantly female (93.6%) and had no formal jobs (64.9%). A majority of RA patients exhibited moderate disease activity (48.9%, based on Disease Activity Score-28 with erythrocyte sedimentation rate [DAS-28 ESR]), with a relatively high level of steroid use (86.2%). Notably, most patients started DMARD treatment more than 2 years after the onset of symptoms (45.7%). The proportion of patients achieving therapy target (remission to low disease activity) was 41.5%, with 13.8% attaining remission. Furthermore, Health Assessment Quality (HAQ) scores were found to be significantly lower among the target-achieving group, indicating better quality of life. Conclusion. Therapy target was achieved in 41.5% of RA patients in RSCM, with 13.8% achieving remission. Further research can be conducted to evaluate factors which may affect treatment response among RA patients.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
  topic: keywords
subject: Remission
  topic: keywords
subject: Rheumatoid arthritis
  topic: keywords
creator: Rudy Hidayat
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
date: 2023-12-12
publication date: 2023-12-12

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Regulatory T Cells of Systemic LupusErythematosus: A Systematic Review
type: item
description: Background. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with a global reduction in regulatory T cells (Tregs). Vitamin D supplementation that is efficacious, safe, and reasonably priced has the potential to reduce morbidity in SLE. This study was aimed to systematically assess the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in enhancing Tregs concentration or Tregsrelated marker. Methods. A systematic review of the literature for clinical studies was performed on Pubmed, Proquest, and Google Scholar. Studies were assessed for risk of bias using Newcastle Ottawa Scale. All clinical studies that investigated the effects of vitamin D supplementation on Tregs in SLE patients were included. Key evidence was analyzed and qualitatively synthesized. Results. Three relevant studies were included. All studies were of high-quality. Vitamin D supplementation consistently increased Tregs concentration across all included studies. Conclusion. The current study supports the evidence that vitamin D supplementation enhanced Tregs concentration in SLE patients.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Vitamin D
  topic: keywords
subject: Regulatory T Cells
  topic: keywords
subject: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  topic: keywords
creator: Yuniza Yuniza
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
date: 2023-12-12
publication date: 2023-12-12

Sjögren's Syndrome: A Rare Clinical Entity in Children
type: item
description: Background. Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a rare autoimmune disease in children, with only a few hundred reported cases. Its clinical presentation is atypical. We report the case of a 14-year-old boy diagnosed with recurrent parotitis. Case Presentation. Our patient, a 14-year-old male, presented with a one-year history of recurrent bilateral parotid swellings. Clinical examination revealed an objective oculo-buccal dryness. Ultrasound imaging showed hypoechoic hypertrophy of the parotid glands. Anti-SSA/SSB antibodies were strongly positive. Histological study of the accessory salivary glands revealed lymphocytic sialadenitis with a focus score of 3. The diagnosis of SS was confirmed according to the ACR/EULAR 2016 criteria. The combination of treatment with hydroxychloroquine and corticosteroids resulted in the resolution of clinical signs and biological inflammatory markers. Conclusion. Given the rarity of SS in children, several diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties arise, in the absence of classification criteria adapted to the juvenile form of the disease, and the absence of therapeutic recommendations consolidated by clinical trials in children.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Connective tissue disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Parotidomegaly
  topic: keywords
subject: Sicca syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Sjögren
  topic: keywords
creator: Laila Hamri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
date: 2023-12-12
publication date: 2023-12-12

Use of Methotrexate for More Than 4 Years Is Not Associated with Liver Fibrosisin Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
type: item
description: v Background. Methotrexate is an anchor drug in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the association between methotrexate and development of liver fibrosis remains a subject of controversy. Non invasive methods to assess liver fibrosis, such as the FIB-4 score, have been developed. RA patients on methotrexate therapy should be monitored for any signs of liver fibrosis. This study aims to investigate the correlation between methotrexate cumulative dose and the FIB-4 score in rheumatoid arthritis patients who received methotrexate therapy to assess the hepatotoxic effects of methotrexate. Methods. This cross-sectional study involved rheumatoid arthritis patients who received methotrexate therapy at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung from September 2022 to November 2022. Clinical data, laboratory tests (including platelet values and liver function test), and cumulative methotrexate doses were extracted from medical records. Data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. Results. This study involved 100 subjects aged between 22-82 years, comprising 93% women and 7% men. The median FIB-4 score was 0.73 (0.24-6.80), while the median methotrexate cumulative dose was 2477.5 mg, with a range of 1005-10400 mg. The results showed that correlation coefficient between the FIB-4 score and methotrexate cumulative dose in rheumatoid arthritis patients was 0.089 (p=0.378).Conclusion. There is no significant correlation between FIB 4 score and cumulative dose of methotrexate inrheumatoid, arthritis, patients. The use of methotrexate in RA patients over 4 years is relatively safe as it does not increase the risk of liver fibrosis.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: FIB-4 score
  topic: keywords
subject: Liver fibrosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Methotrexate
  topic: keywords
subject: Rheumatoid arthritis
  topic: keywords
creator: Tati Muliani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
date: 2023-12-12
publication date: 2023-12-12

Indonesian Rheumatology Association (IRA) Recommendations for Diagnosis and Management of Sjogren’s Syndrome
type: item
description: Background. Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that affects exocrine glands. Dealing with SS is challenging due to the low level of awareness and knowledge about SS, as well as the difficulty in diagnosing and treating the disease. Diagnosing SS requires many supporting examinations from many medical specialties. Therefore, these recommendations were developed to serve as a guide for health practitioners in diagnosing and treating SS. Methods. Six selected rheumatologists from the Indonesian Rheumatologist Association (IRA) formulated the recommendations based on key questions formed by a steering committee from IRA. These recommendation materials were taken from several online databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Level of evidence and grades of recommendation were then assigned, and every member of the panellist team will assign a score for level of agreement. Results. The panel generated a total of 19 recommendations discussing the diagnosis, pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy, and prognosis for SS. Conclusion. These recommendations can be used to help clinicians correctly diagnose and choose the most suitable therapy for SS patients. All recommendation statements were created with the consideration of Indonesia’s clinical setting, facility, and drug availability.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ESSDAI
  topic: keywords
subject: Ocular dryness
  topic: keywords
subject: Oral dryness
  topic: keywords
subject: Sjogren’s syndrome
  topic: keywords
creator: Deddy Nur Wachid Achadiono
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
date: 2023-12-12
publication date: 2023-12-12

Secondary Trimester Pregnancy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients withPneumonia: A Case Report
type: item
description: Background. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can attack multiple organs and has a high prevalence in women. Due to its treatment and resulting pathological conditions, SLE makes the patient susceptible to infections. Furthermore, physiological changes in the body that occur during pregnancy renders pregnant women with SLE vulnerable to disease exacerbation. Therefore, the management of such cases necessitates the evaluation and intervention of a multidisciplinary medical team. Case Presentation. We present the case of a female patient in her second trimester of pregnancy who complained of shortness of breath. The patient has a history of SLE diagnosed five years ago. Within 7 days of treatment, the patient experienced an improvement in symptoms. Conclusion. This is a rare case, and we report on the outcomes of treatment and our limitations to ensure better future treatment for pregnant women with SLE to prevent maternal and fetal death.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pregnancy
  topic: keywords
subject: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  topic: keywords
subject: Pneumonia
  topic: keywords
creator: Reza Mahardika
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
date: 2023-12-12
publication date: 2023-12-12

Simultaneous Cervical and Lumbar Spinal Degenerative Stenosis: Diagnostic andTreatment Challenge
type: item
description: Background: In simultaneous cervical and lumbar degenerative stenosis (tandem spinal stenosis), the cervical clinical signs may mask the lumbar ones. Treatment is initially conservative in non-plegic cases. In the event of surgery, there is no consensus regarding the segment to be approached first. The purpose of this work was to describe our management of this condition. Methods: This was a 6-year retrospective study in the rheumatology and neurosurgery departments. All usable medical records of cases of simultaneous degenerative stenosis of the cervical and lumbar spine were included. Results: We retained 84 squares. The average age was 57.1 years; the sex ratio 0.9. All the patients presented cervical and lumbar clinical signs. They had started at the lumbar spine in 46 cases (54.8%) and cervical in 38 cases (45.2%). A full spinal MRI had been performed in 50%. Conservative treatment was effective in 36 patients (42.9%). Of the 32 patients (66.7%) operated, 16 had been operated both the cervical and lumbar spine (7 simultaneous surgeries including percutaneous discolysis in one of the segments in 4 cases). The cervical spine had been operated on first in 7 of the 9 cases of staggered surgery. After an average follow-up of one month, the evolution was favorable in 47 cases (56%); stationary 21 (25%). Conclusion: Conservative treatment was effective in about half of the cases. Full spine MRI and staggered surgery were the most commonly performed. However, simultaneous surgery prioritizing the least aggressive gestures seems better.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bipolar
  topic: keywords
subject: Degenerative spine
  topic: keywords
subject: Stenosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Tandem
  topic: keywords
creator: Wendlassida Joelle Stéphanie
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
date: 2023-06-12
publication date: 2023-06-12

Efficacy and Safety of Stem Cell Transplantation in Rheumatoid Arthritis: ASystematic Review of Trials
type: item
description: Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that deteriorates the quality and function of the synovium membrane, resulting in chronic inflammation, pain, and progressive joint destruction. Based on previous clinical research, stem cell transplantation has shown a promising therapeutic effect for RA based on its anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and regenerative properties. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of stem cell transplantation for rheumatoid arthritis therapy. Methods: A literature search was performed via PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCOHost, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Cochrane, DOAJ, and clinicaltrial.gov databases, selecting studies that evaluated the effect of stem cells on rheumatoid arthritis from inception to April 7, 2023. The Cochrane Risk of Bias was used to assess randomized controlled trials and ROBINS-I was used to assess clinical trials. Results: 7 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 12 non-randomized studies involving 682 subjects were included in this review. Stem cell transplantation was related with better outcomes based on significant improvement of the DAS28 score, HAQ score, ACR score, and laboratory parameters. There were no significant changes in safety parameters compared to the baseline value and control group. Fever, flu-like symptoms, nausea, and vomiting were the most frequently reported adverse effects. Nevertheless, this review revealed a moderate risk of bias and high heterogeneity of the efficacy outcomes of RCTs. Conclusion: Stem cell-based therapies provide clinical benefits for rheumatoid arthritis patients with satisfactory safety measures.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hematopoietic stem cell
  topic: keywords
subject: Mesenchymal stem cell
  topic: keywords
subject: Rheumatoid arthritis
  topic: keywords
subject: Stem cell transplantation
  topic: keywords
creator: Grady Krisandi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
date: 2023-06-12
publication date: 2023-06-12

A Patient with Granulomatosus with Polyangiitis (Wegener’s Granulomatosis): ACase Report
type: item
description: Background: Granulomatosus with Polyangiitis (GPA) is an Antineutrophilic Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) Associated Vasculitis (AAV) which involves small to moderate-sized vessels. GPA has a variety of clinical manifestations caused by tissue ischemia and organ affected. Diagnosis of GPA remains challenging, and its actual incidence may be higher than reported. In 1990, the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) published diagnostic criteria for GPA. Guidelines of management of GPA has improved survival in last decade, but results remain unsatisfactory. Induction agents with immunosuppressive agents and glucocorticoid, and the newer agent Rituximab are recommended as first choice treatment. Case presentation: A 64-year-old male presented with current episode of joint pain and a history of recurrent respiratory tract infections. After a series of laboratory and radiologic examinations, lung biopsy was performed, and the result was suggestive of GPA. The patient was managed with induction remission agent and reported improvement in both clinical and laboratory parameters. Conclusion: Granulomatosus with Polyangiitis is a limitedly reported case. This report was presented to raise awareness of the diagnosis when faced with similar clinical symptoms. Early detection and diagnosis in GPA allow for prompt and better management with the target to achieve and maintain remission, as demonstrated in this case.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ANCA associated vasculitis
  topic: keywords
subject: Granulomatosus with polyangiitis
  topic: keywords
subject: Rituximab
  topic: keywords
creator: Harris Hardian
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
date: 2023-06-12
publication date: 2023-06-12

Tuberculosis Arthritis: A Diagnostic Challenges
type: item
description: Background: Tuberculosis infection still poses a significant health problem,especially in developing countries. While most of tuberculosis cases affect the pulmonary organ, this infection may also involve other organs such asbones and joints. Case presentation: We reported a case of 23-year-oldfemale patient with a history of recurrent pain and swelling in the right knee. On physical examination of the right knee, bulging sign was found,accompanied by tenderness, warmth on palpation, and limited active and passive movement. Radiographic examination was suggestive for septicarthritis in the right knee. Debridement and biopsy were performed, and TBPCR examination of the debridement tissue was found to be positive forMycobacterium tuberculosis. The histopathological finding was alsoconsistent with tuberculosis infection. The patient was subsequently treatedwith antituberculosis drugs and underwent rehabilitation therapy, resultingin a satisfying response. Conclusion: Diagnosis of tuberculosis arthritis inthis case was established based on the presence of clinical symptoms, radiological findings, tissue TB PCR, and histopathological findings. Both surgical and pharmacological interventions were performed, which yieldedfavorable results. Tuberculosis arthritis was often misdiagnosed as arthritis for other causes, resulting in delays in providing medical intervention. Therefore, increased understanding of tuberculosis arthritis is necessary tofacilitate early diagnosis and improve therapeutic outcome.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Arthritis
  topic: keywords
subject: Knee
  topic: keywords
subject: Tuberculosis
  topic: keywords
creator: Desak Putu Gayatri Saraswati Seputra
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
date: 2023-06-12
publication date: 2023-06-12

The Role of Antioxidants as Adjuvants of Fibromyalgia Management
type: item
description: Fibromyalgia is a condition with complex polysymptomatology characterized by chronic widespread pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and functional symptoms. Oxidative stress plays a role in the etiology of pain which is the main symptom of fibromyalgia. The symptoms of fibromyalgia are related to the balance of oxidant and antioxidant. Antioxidants from certain nutrients can act to counter the high level of free radicals, in order to maintain the oxidative stress/antioxidant balance. Antioxidant such as coenzyme Q10, vitamin C and E, magnesium, and acetyl-L-carnitine have the potential benefit as adjuvants in treating fibromyalgia by reducing pain.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Antioxidant
  topic: keywords
subject: Fibromyalgia
  topic: keywords
subject: Oxidative stress
  topic: keywords
creator: Sabrina Chusnul Chotimah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
date: 2023-06-12
publication date: 2023-06-12

Indonesian Rheumatology Association (IRA) Recommendations for Diagnosis and Management of Osteoarthritis (Knee, Hand, Hip)
type: item
description: Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form arthritis in the world, and its prevalence is predicted to rise higher in the future due to increasing life expectancy and growing number of elderly population. With the emergence of new treatment options in the last several years, a better understanding of OA diagnosis and management is required by every physician in Indonesia. Methods: A panel of eight selected rheumatologists from the Indonesian Rheumatologist Association (IRA) developed recommendations based on key questions formulated by a steering committee from IRA. These recommendation materials were taken from several online databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Level of evidence and grades of recommendation were then assigned, and each member of the panelist team will assign a score to express their level of agreement. Results: A total of 25 recommendations discussing the diagnosis, pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, as well as monitoring for OA were formulated. Conclusion: These recommendations can be used to help clinicians in accurately diagnosing OA and choosing the most suitable therapy for their patients. All recommendation statements were tailored to the clinical setting, facility, and drug availability in Indonesia.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hand
  topic: keywords
subject: Hip
  topic: keywords
subject: Knee
  topic: keywords
subject: Osteoarthritis
  topic: keywords
creator: Rakhma Hellmi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
date: 2023-06-12
publication date: 2023-06-12

Indonesian Rheumatology Association (IRA) Recommendations for Diagnosis andManagement of Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis
type: item
description: Background: Patients receiving long-term glucocorticoid therapy are at risk of developing GIOP. However, until today, there is still no guideline that specifically explains how to diagnose and manage GIOP patients in Indonesia. Methods: 10 selected rheumatologists from the Indonesian Rheumatologist Association (IRA) made recommendations based on key questions formed by a steering committee from IRA. These recommendation materials were taken from several online databases such as Pubmed, Science Direct, and Cochrane. Level of evidence and grades of recommendation were then assigned, and every member of the panelist team will assign a score for the level of agreement. Results: A total of 17 recommendations regarding screening, prevention, diagnosis, therapy, and monitoring for GIOP were made. Conclusion: These recommendations can be used for adult patients receiving long-term glucocorticoids with or at risk of developing GIOP. The prevention measure, diagnostic, therapy, and monitoring algorithm in this recommendation are all created with the consideration of Indonesia’s clinical setting, facility, and drug availability.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Bisphosphonates
  topic: keywords
subject: Bone mineral density
  topic: keywords
creator: Bagus Putu Putra Suryana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
date: 2022-12-12
publication date: 2022-12-12

Quantitative Evaluation of Proteinuria with Urinalysis Test and Comparing ItsCorrelation with Random Spot Urine PCR and 24-Hour Urine Protein in SLEPatients
type: item
description: Introduction: Lupus nephritis is an important concern among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients in Asia, and its mortality rate was reported to be 6 times higher compared to the general population. 24-hour urine protein collection has long been used as the gold standard test to assess proteinuria. This study aimed to assess the correlation of urinalysis test with random spot urine protein-creatinine ratio (PCR) compared with 24- hour urine protein. Methods: This was a retrospective study. The electronic medical records of all SLE patients seen in the rheumatology clinic of Hospital Sultan Ismail from 1st January 2017 to 1st January 2021 were reviewed. Patients who had urinalysis, urine protein-creatinine ratio, and24-hour urine protein tests were identified. Data on demography, urinalysis, random spot urine protein-creatinine ratio, and 24-hour urine protein were obtained and analysed. Results: The correlation between urinalysis and 24hour urine protein was strong (r=0.702), whereas the correlation between urinalysis and urine PCR was stronger (r=0.797). Our study also showed the correlation between random urine protein-creatinine ratio and 24-hour urine protein is strong (r=0.782). Conclusion: Urinalysis correlates well with both random spot urine protein-creatinine ratio and 24-hour urine protein, and the correlation is stronger with urine protein-creatinine ratio.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Proteinuria
  topic: keywords
subject: Systemic lupus erythematosus
  topic: keywords
subject: Urinalysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Urine protein-creatinine ratio
  topic: keywords
subject: 24-hour urine protein
  topic: keywords
creator: Chun Ruh Ng
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
date: 2022-12-12
publication date: 2022-12-12

The The Prevalence and Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in RheumatoidArthritis Patients
type: item
description: Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD), causing 30-50% mortality in RA patients. Metabolic syndrome is a combination of metabolic disorders that can be manifested as central obesity, impaired blood pressure, or abnormalities of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, which is closely associated with CVD in RA patients. The prevalence and factors associated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome in RA patients vary in previous studies. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome in RA patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital, Jakarta. Methods: A total of 145 RA patients at the Rheumatology Clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital from October to December 2021 were included as research subjects by consecutive sampling method. History taking about the disease and demographic data, physical and anthropometric examination, and laboratory tests were done on the patients. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was determined using harmonization criteria. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the association of the variables of age, smoking habit, disease activity, duration of disease, glucocorticoid treatment, and methotrexate treatment with metabolic syndrome in RA patients. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 19.3% in RA patients with a mean age of 49.8 ± 11.6 years. The variables of gender, age, deformity, physical activity, extraarticular manifestation, smoking habit, disease activity, disease duration, glucocorticoid treatment, and methotrexate treatment were not statistically significant to the incidence of metabolic syndrome in RA patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in RA patients in this study was 19.3%, and no variable was associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Metabolic syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Prevalence
  topic: keywords
subject: Rheumatoid arthritis
  topic: keywords
creator: Rudy Hidayat
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
date: 2022-12-12
publication date: 2022-12-12

B-Cell Activating Factor Profile and Quality of Life in Systemic LupusErythematosus Patients
type: item
description: Background: B-Cell Activating Factor (BAFF) is a cytokine that plays a role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis. BAFF increases B cell function, which will affect disease activity. In addition to decreasing disease activity, good quality of life (QoL) is one of the goals to be achieved in SLE therapy, which is also affected by disease activity. The purpose of this study is to know the correlation of the BAFF profile with the QoL of SLE patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from a previous study. The subjects of this study were SLE patients who had visited the rheumatology outpatient clinic or were hospitalized in Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung from September 2016 until February 2017. Subjects were asked to complete the Short Form-36 and measure their BAFF level in serum. Demographic data were collected, and disease activity data were assessed by Mexican Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (MEX-SLEDAI). The statistical analysis used in this study was the Spearman test. Results: There was a positive correlation between BAFF and MEXSLEDAI (r 0.238, p-value 0.038). There was also a negative correlation between MEX-SLEDAI and PCS, as well as the MCS score (r -0.392 and 0.371, p-value <0.05). Conclusion: BAFF levels will increase in higher disease activity which will affect a poorer quality of life.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: BAFF
  topic: keywords
subject: MEX-SLEDAI
  topic: keywords
subject: Quality of life
  topic: keywords
subject: Systemic lupus erythematosus
  topic: keywords
creator: Laniyati Hamijoyo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
date: 2022-12-12
publication date: 2022-12-12

The Effect of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Omega-3 Supplementation on theComponents of Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity: A Systematic LiteratureReview
type: item
description: Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (AR) is a chronic disease that causes deformity in most productive age and can lead to death as disease activity increases. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have the potential to complement available therapies in reducing disease activity. Currently, the effect of omega-3 PUFAs on disease activity components is still unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect of omega-3 PUFAs’ supplementation on the components of RA disease activity. Methods: This research is a systematic study with PRISMA guidelines. Literature identification using Pubmed, MDPI, and clinicaltrials.gov. The inclusion criteria used were: giving omega-3 PUFAs, free full-text, RCT, in English or Indonesian, and assessing disease activity and its components; while the exclusion criteria were: unpublished, comparisons were inappropriate. Assessment of literature quality with the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Results: The study included six studies from 1994 to 2017. The effect of omega-3 PUFAs is diversity in changes of disease activity in 4 of 5 studies. Another effect is a significant reduction in the number of joint pains in the literature by daily doses above 2.9 grams or at lower doses taking longer, and swollen joints in 2 studies that were only affected in doses above 2.9 grams. Another change is a significant reduction in pain severity in the studies. Change increases with higher doses. There are variable LED and CRP changes with minimal study resources. Conclusion: Omega-3 PUFAs depend on their dose and administration duration and can, directly and indirectly, affect disease activity through the influence of most of its components, namely: the number of joints affected, the degree of pain, but the results of the ESR and CRP examinations are not sufficient.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: DAS-28
  topic: keywords
subject: Disease activity
  topic: keywords
subject: Fish oil
  topic: keywords
subject: Omega-3
  topic: keywords
subject: Pufas
  topic: keywords
creator: Awalia
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology
date: 2022-12-12
publication date: 2022-12-12