Main Article Content
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is uncommon connective tissue disease characterized by a pathological thickening and tethering of the skin and involvement of internal organ (i.e gastrointestinal tract, heart, lungs, and kidneys). Systemic sclerosis seems to result from a multifactorial process (alteration of the immune system, genetic, and environmental factors) but its pathogenesis remains unclear. A familial history of SSc represents an important risk factor for developing the disease.1 We describe two generations family who developed SSc.
Article Details
How to Cite
Nilasari, D., Hamijoyo, L., Kasjmir, Y. I., & Setiyohadi, B. (2018). Systemic sclerosis in two generations family: a mother and offspring. Indonesian Journal of Rheumatology, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.37275/ijr.v1i1.18
References
- Chifflot H, Fautrel B, Sordet C, et al., Incidence and prevalence of
- systemic sclerosis: A Systematic Literature Review, Semin Arthritis
- Rheum 37:223-235.
- Varga J, Denton CP, Systemic sclerosis and the scleroderma-spectrum
- disorder in Rudddy S, Harris ED, Sledge CB, Kelley’s Textbook of
- Rheumatology, 7th edition, WB Saunders Company Philadelphia 2007,
- p:1312.
- Feghali CA, Wright TM. Epidemiologic and clinical study of twins with
- scleroderma. Arthritis Rheum 1995;38:S308.
- Rothfi eld NF, Rodnan GP. Serum antinuclear antibodies in progressive
- systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Arthritis Rheum 1968;11:607.
- Maddison PJ, Skinner RP, Pereira RS, et al. Antinuclear antibodies
- in the relatives and spouses of patients with systemic sclerosis. Ann
- Rheum Dis 1986;45:793.
- Arnett FC, Howard RF,Ta F, et al,. Increased prevalence of systemic
- sclerosis in a Native American tribe in Oklahoma: Association with an
- Amerindian HLA haplotype. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1362.
- Kuwana M, Okano Y, Kaburaki J, Inoko H. HLA class II genes
- associated with anticentromera antibody in Japanese patients with
- systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Ann Rheum Dis 1995;54:983-7.
- Ho KT, Reveille JD, The clinical relevance of autoantibodes in
- scleroderma, Arthritis Res Ther2003, 5:80-93.
- Tashkin DP, Elashoff R. Clements PJ, Goldin J, Roth MD, Furst DE, et
- al., Cyclophosphamid versus placebo in scleroderma lung disease N
- Engl J Med 2006;354:2655-2666.