The Relationship between Anti-dsDNA Antibody Levels and Clinical Manifestationin Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients

Abstract

Background: Anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (anti-dsDNA)
antibodies have been long known as specific autoantibodies in systemic
lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Their central role in the pathogenesis
of SLE also had been proposed for a long time. But many studies have failed
to show a consistent association between anti-dsDNA levels and clinical
manifestation in SLE patients. This phenomenon raised controversies about
anti-dsDNA’s role in the development of the disease. This study aimed to give
more description of the relationship between anti-dsDNA antibodies level
and clinical manifestation of SLE. Methods: This study took place in Dr.
Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from July 2017 to July
2020. This study is a descriptive-analytic study with a cross-sectional
design. Sixty-three females with new cases of SLE were included in this
study. We used Alegria® ORGENTEC ORG204S kits to measure anti-dsDNA
antibody levels in those patients. All organ involvement and anti-dsDNA level
data were collected from the subject’s medical record. We categorized the
patient into two groups, one group with a high level of anti-dsDNA antibodies
and the other with the normal one. The statistical analysis was conducted
by using the chi-square test to associate the anti-dsDNA antibodies level with
the clinical manifestation of SLE that developed in those patients. Results:
The haematological manifestation was the most prevalent clinical
manifestation of SLE (69.8%), followed by cutaneous (66.7%) and
musculoskeletal manifestation (63.5%), respectively. Thirty subjects had a
high level of anti-dsDNA, and 33 subjects had the normal one. Anti-dsDNA
antibody levels were only significantly associated with the development of
haematological manifestation (p=0.026). Conclusion: Haematological
manifestation tends to develop in SLE patients with high anti-dsDNA
antibody levels.