Correlation Between sCD28 and sCD80 Levels with Disease Actiity of SystemicLupus Erythematosus (SLE) Patients Based on SLEDAI Score

Abstract

Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease
with multisystem involvement that is caused by multifactorial. Prolonged
exposure to autoantigens and sustained immune system activation, particularly
in memory T lymphocytes, can contribute to premature immunosenescence.
Soluble costimulatory molecules such as sCTLA-4 and sCD86, originating from
CTLA-4 and CD86 respectively, contribute to the progression of
immunosenescence in patients with SLE. This condition is associated with higher
morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the relationship
between elevated levels of sCTLA-4 and sCD86 and the severity of SLE disease
activity, as assessed by the SLEDAI score. Methods: The study employed an
analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach, involving 35
female participants diagnosed with SLE according to the 2012 SLICC criteria. SLE
disease activity was assessed using the SLEDAI score, and serum levels of sCD28
and sCD80 were measured using the ELISA method. The Mann-Whitney test was
used for group comparisons, while the Spearman test was conducted for
correlation analysis, with statistical significance defined as p < 0.05. Results: SLE
patients had an average sCD28 and sCD80 level of 24.93 and 27.41, respectively.
Spearman test results showed that sCD28 level had a significant correlation with
SLEDAI score [R=0.364; p=0.031 (p<0.05)], while sCD80 level did not correlate
significantly with SLEDAI score [R=0.048; p=0.786 (p<0.05)]. Conclusion: The
rise in sCD28 levels showed a positively correlation with the SLE severity activity,
as indicated by the SLEDAI score.